Abstract Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts the onset of disability, morbidity and mortality in elderly people; it is a state of pre-disability and is reversible. This review aimed to assess the impact of dietary supplementation interventions in frail older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed to collect randomized controlled trials of dietary supplements for the treatment of frailty in the elderly published before March 2022. The frailty score, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance of the frail elderly were extracted for analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.4 and Stata version 15.0. Totally, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 1204 participants (603 experiment group vs. 601 control group). Compared to control group, multi-nutrient nutrition intervention can significantly improve the frailty score of the elderly (MD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 0). Protein supplementation intervention significantly improved body weight (MD = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.21 to 8.52, P = 0.009), muscle mass [lean mass (MD = 2.73, 95% CI:1.26 to 4.20, P = 0.0003)], muscle strength (MD = 1.90, 95% CI: 0.68 to 3.12, P = 0.002), and physical performance [chair stand test (MD = -2.15, 95% CI: -3.21 to -1.10, P < 0.0001)] in frail older adults compared to control. This meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that dietary supplements interventions positively influence in older people with frailty.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance in 60 new sugarcane varieties bred by the China Sugarcane System in recent years and in 34 major varieties cultivated in sugarcane growing areas in China. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated in the field, and molecular markers were used to detect the brown rust-resistance gene Bru1. The results of the field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. The Bru1 gene was detected in 54 (57.45%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties. Seven highly resistant varieties and five resistant varieties did not carry Bru1, suggesting that they carry other genes associated with brown rust resistance. This study provides a scientific basis and identifies disease-resistant germplasm for selection of plants for sugarcane production.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the roles of miRNA in the development of ovarian follicles in sows with high ovulation rate. The miRNA expression profiles in middle-size ovarian follicles between Meishan and Duroc sows were characterized by Affymetrix miRNA GeneChip. Seven differentially expressed miRNA were identified. KEGG pathways analyzed the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNA by using the DAVID website. The MAPK signaling pathway may affect the process of ovarian follicle development. Our study suggested that miR-21, miR-199a, miR-708, and miR-4334 might play a vital role in the development of ovarian follicles of sow.

ABSTRACT The N absorption and assimilation is critical for the rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield increase when overdose N was applied in rice production. Three different rice genotypes, 'Quanliangyou 1' (Q1), 'Quanliangyou 681' (Q681) and 'Huanghuazhan' (HHZ), were selected to investígate the effects of elevated N input on the N partitioning, plant growth, grain quality and key genes involved in glutamate biosynthesis. Under increasing N inputs (0, 120, 180, 250 kg ha-1), N content in leaf, culm, seed and root were increased significantly. The increased N was preferentially deposited in leaf and culm. Tiller number, panicle number and length were also proved to be significantly promoted, but plant height and 1000-grain weight were nonsignificantly affected under elevated N input. Under high N input, seed protein content was elevated, while fatty acid and amylose content remained unchanged in comparison to low N input, but amylopectin content decreased. For the key genes in N assimilation, glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;1) could be induced by increasing N input (0 to 180 kg ha-1) but higher N input (250 kg ha-1) inhibit its expression, which showed similar response pattern with the glutamine synthetase activity. Although different rice genotypes showed similar response pattern to elevated N input, each genotype varied a lot in certain phenotypic indexes. And the response pattern of all these phenotypic characteristics to elevated N input was independent of rice genotype. These findings suggest that elevated N input could promote rice growth, reallocate N content in different tissues, and have negative impact on grain quality. This study provided physiological and molecular foundation for rice breeding and cultivation under high N input.

摘要 问题 中国继续面临消除艾滋病病毒（HIV）、梅毒和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播的挑战。 方法 2010年一项综合标准化HIV、梅毒和HBV母婴传播预防工作的工作在1156个县实施。在参与该工作的产前保健诊所中，为孕妇同时免费提供所有三项检测。工作包含进一步的干预措...

Résumé Problème La Chine est toujours confrontée à des difficultés dans l'élimination de la transmission mère-enfant du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), de la syphilis et du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB). Approche En 2010, un programme qui intégrait et harmonisait les efforts de la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant (PTME) pour le VIH, la syphilis et le VHB, a été mis en œuvre dans 1156 pays. Au moment de bénéficier de soins prénatals, les femmes enceintes se sont vues proposer l'ensemble des trois tests en même temps et gratuitement. Des interventions supplémentaires telles que le traitement gratuit, la prophylaxie et le dépistage pour les mères et leurs enfants, ont été...

Резюме Проблема Перед Китаем по-прежнему стоит проблема устранения передачи вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), сифилиса и вируса гепатита В (ВГВ) от матери к...

Problem China continues to face challenges in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Approach In 2010, a programme that integrated and standardized prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) efforts for HIV, syphilis and HBV was implemented in 1156 counties. At participating antenatal care clinics, pregnant women were offered all three tests concurrently and free of charge. Further interventions such as free treatment, prophylaxis and testing for mothers and their children were provided for HIV and syphilis. Local setting China’s national PMTCT HIV programme started in 2003, at which time there were no national programmes for perinatal syphilis and HBV. In 2009, the rate of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV was 8.1% (57/702). Reported congenital syphilis was 60.8 per 100 000 live births. HBV infection was 7.2% of the overall population infected. Relevant changes Between 2010 and 2013 the number of pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics with integrated PMTCT services increased from 5.5 million to 13.1 million. In 2013, 12.7 million pregnant women were tested for HIV, 12.6 million for syphilis and 12.7 million for HBV. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV fell to 6.7% in 2013. Data on syphilis transmission are not yet available. Lessons learnt Integrated PMTCT services proved to be feasible and effective, and they are now part of the routine maternal and child health services provided to infected women. The services are provided through a collaboration between maternal and child health clinics, the national and local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and general hospitals.

ملخص المشكلة لا تزال الصين تواجه تحديات في التخلص من سريان فيروس العوز المناعي البشري (HIV) والزهري وفيروس التهاب الكبد "باء" (HBV) من الأم إلى الطفل. الأسلوب في عام 2010،...

Resumen Situación China sigue haciendo frente a desafíos en la eliminación de la transmisión maternoinfantil del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), la sífilis y el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). Enfoque En 2010 se puso en marcha en 1156 condados un programa que integraba y estandarizaba los esfuerzos de prevención de la transmisión maternoinfantil (PTMI) para el VIH, la sífilis y el VHB. En las clínicas de atención prenatal que participaron se ofrecieron a las mujeres embarazadas las tres pruebas al mismo tiempo y de forma gratuita. El programa incluyó otras intervenciones como el tratamiento gratuito, profilaxis y pruebas para las madres y sus hijos. Marco regional El programa nacional de PTMI del VIH en China comenzó en 2003, momento en el que no había ningún programa nacional para la sífilis y el VHB perinatales. En 2009, la tasa de transmisión maternoinfantil del VIH fue del 8,1 % (57/702). La sífilis congénita notificada fue de 60,8 por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos, y la infección por el VHB fue del 7,2 % de la población general infectada. Cambios importantes Entre 2010 y 2013, el número de mujeres embarazadas que asistieron a clínicas de atención prenatal con servicios integrados de PTMI aumentó de 5 450 000 a 13 070 000. En 2013, 12 720 000 mujeres embarazadas se sometieron a la prueba del VIH, 12 600 000 a la prueba de la sífilis y 12 730 000 a la del VHB. La transmisión maternoinfantil del VIH se redujo al 6,7 % en 2013. Lecciones aprendidas La PTMI integrada demostró ser factible y eficaz, y ha pasado a formar parte de los servicios rutinarios de salud maternoinfantil que se proporcionan a las mujeres infectadas. Se ofrece a través de una colaboración entre las clínicas, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades locales y nacionales y los hospitales generales.

Sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) is an important disease caused by a phytoplasma. In Baoshan, Yunnan, China, SCWL was firstly observed in 2012, and has extended its area of occurrence to 600 hm² . Up to 52% of the plants may become diseased in a field and even complete loss of cane yield may result in the heavily infected fields, posing a serious threat to Yunnan sugar industry. To ascertain the causal agent of suspected SCWL disease in Yunnan, nested PCR using two sets of phytoplasma primer pairs (MOLX/MLOY and P1/ P2) was used to successfully amplify a genomic region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) from 36 suspected SCWL samples. On the basis of sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide alignments of 17 nested PCR products randomly selected from positive samples, identical fragments of 210bp in length were obtained that could be clustered into the 6Sr group XI (Rice Yellow Dwarf group) and shared 100% identity with the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) of a member of this group, the SCWL phytoplasma (GenBank: HQ917068), and 99.52% with Sugarcane grassy shoot phytoplasma, of the same group. These results indicate that the SCWL disease in Baoshan is caused by a phytoplasma of the 6Sr group XI.

Sugarcane brown rust disease caused by Puccinia melanocephala is one of the important fungal diseases affecting sugarcane yield around the world. Cultivar resistance is the most appropriate control method for this disease. In this study, 62 introgression lines chosen from the crossing Saccharum officinarum L. cv. Ludashi x Erianthus rockii Yunnan 95-19 were evaluated for brown rust resistance using artificial inoculation. More than 30% of the introgression lines were identified as resistant. Clones Yunye 09-609, Yunye 09-618, Yunye 09-622, Yunye 09-636, Yunye 09-637, Yunye 09-645, Yunye 09-647 and Yunye 09-652 were shown to have high levels of resistance. The resistant lines identified in this study could be used as sources of brown rust resistance in sugarcane breeding programs.

Gastric mucosa tissue was collected from patients with gastroduodenal diseases in a region of norrteastern China showing a high risk of gastric cancer incidence. The presence of EBV and HPV were assayed to investigate the relationship between gastric carcinomas and virus infection. Neither EBV nor HPV DNA was detected in tissue from the patients. The role of EBV and HPV in gastric cancer is not well understood and still needs to be clarified.